2014-T651 Aluminum vs. 2014-T652 Aluminum
The 2014 aluminum alloy in T651 and T652 tempers has the same alloy composition, typically including copper as the main alloying element, along with small amounts of silicon, manganese, and magnesium. These tempers involve different heat treatments and mechanical processing, resulting in unique mechanical properties suitable for specific applications.
| Property | 2014-T651 | 2014-T652 |
| Stress Relief Treatment | Stretching process to relieve residual stresses, reducing distortion after machining. | Controlled cooling or compression to relieve internal stresses, retaining dimensional tolerances. |
| Yield and Tensile Strength | Generally higher yield and tensile strengths due to the stretching process, suitable for high-stress applications. | Slightly lower yield and tensile strengths, but may offer better ductility for certain applications. |
| Ductility | Generally lower ductility compared to T652, making it less resistant to cracking. | Offers slightly better ductility, advantageous for resistance to cracking or stress concentration. |
| Machinability | Highly machinable, preferred in applications requiring extensive machining. | Can be machined, but less ideal for intricate machining compared to T651. |
| Application Suitability | Ideal for aerospace, precision machining, and other high-stress applications. | More suitable for parts requiring high precision with controlled dimensional stability. |
The T651 and T652 variants of 2014 aluminum are commonly used for high-strength applications, such as aerospace frames, military vehicles, and heavy-duty automotive components. Their high strength and toughness make them particularly valuable for critical structural applications where durability and reliability are essential.
Mechanical Properties
| Property | 2014-T651 Aluminum | 2014-T652 Aluminum |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 72 | 72 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 7.5 | 1.5 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 130 | 120 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.33 | 0.33 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 27 | 27 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 290 | 260 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 490 | 460 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 420 | 390 |
Thermal Properties
| Property | 2014-T651 Aluminum | 2014-T652 Aluminum |
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 400 | 400 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 210 | 210 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 630 | 630 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 510 | 510 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 870 | 870 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 150 | 150 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 23 | 23 |
Electrical Properties
| Property | 2014-T651 Aluminum | 2014-T652 Aluminum |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 40 | 40 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 120 | 120 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Property | 2014-T651 Aluminum | 2014-T652 Aluminum |
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 11 | 11 |
| Density, g/cm³ | 3.0 | 3.0 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO₂/kg material | 8.1 | 8.1 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 150 | 150 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 1130 | 1130 |
Common Calculations
| Property | 2014-T651 Aluminum | 2014-T652 Aluminum |
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m³ | 35 | 6.6 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m³ | 1250 | 1040 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 46 | 46 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 45 | 42 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 45 | 44 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm²/s | 58 | 58 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 21 | 20 |